I have to look into solutions for providing a MySQL database that can handle data volumes in the terabyte range and be highly available (five nines). Each database row is li
Okay, I did read the part about mySQL being a hard requirement.
So with that said, let me first point out that the workload you're talking about -- 2500 inserts/sec, rare queries, queries likely to have result sets of up to 10 percent of the whole data set -- is just about pessimal for any relational data base system.
(This rather reminds me of a project, long ago, where I had a hard requirement to load 100 megabytes of program data over a 9600 baud RS-422 line (also a hard requirement) in less than 300 seconds (also a hard requirement.) The fact that 1kbyte/sec × 300 seconds = 300kbytes didn't seem to communicate.)
Then there's the part about "contain up to 30 floats." The phrasing at least suggests that the number of samples per insert is variable, which suggests in turn some normaliztion issues -- or else needing to make each row 30 entries wide and use NULLs.
But with all that said, okay, you're talking about 300Kbytes/sec and 2500 TPS (assuming this really is a sequence of unrelated samples). This set of benchmarks, at least, suggests it's not out of the realm of possibility.