The Python documentation specifies that is is legal to omit the parentheses if a function only takes a single parameter, but
myfunction \"Hello!\"
For your edit:
If you write down a generator expression, like stuff = (f(x) for x in items)
you need the brackets, just like you need the [ .. ]
around a list comprehension.
But when you pass something from a generator expression to a function (which is a pretty common pattern, because that's pretty much the big idea behind generators) then you don't need two sets of brackets - instead of something like s = sum((f(x) for x in items))
(outer brackets to indicate a function call, inner for the generator expression) you can just write sum(f(x) for x in items)