When using NTLM authentication to AD FS 2.0, from Google Chrome or Firefox 3.5+ running on Windows, then this results in a repeated sign-in dialog and finally sign-in failur
Extended Protection was designed to prevent kerberos ticket replay attacks.
As I understand it, it works in IE because the default for ADFS is Windows Integrated Authentication which IE handles "under the hood".
When I investigated this a while back, if I remember correctly, there is a workaround for Firefox.