When I write a Java code in IntelliJ IDEA and runs it, IntelliJ compiles the Java file, a class file is extracted and then the class file is run.
How can I see the
IDEA is not running java binary, so there is no way to see the commands. Instead, IDEA uses Java compiler API directly.
If you want a raw representation of what is done to build the project, you can use Build | Generate Ant build. Examine the build file or run it from the command line via Ant to see what happens and what options/commands are invoked.