I\'d like to write a small script (which will run on a headless Linux server) that reads a PDF, highlights text that matches anything in an array of strings that I pass, the
PDFlib has Python bindings and supports these operations. You will want with PDI if you want to open a PDF. http://www.pdflib.com/products/pdflib-family/pdflib-pdi/ and TET.
Unfortunately, it is a commercial product. I have used this library in production in the past and it works great. The bindings are very functional and not so Python. I have seen some attempts to make them more Pythonic: https://github.com/alexhayes/pythonic-pdflib You will want to use: open_pdi_document().
It sounds like you will want to do search highlighting of some sort:
http://www.pdflib.com/tet-cookbook/tet-and-pdflib/highlight-search-terms/