How to keep only duplicates efficiently?

Question

Given an STL vector, output only the duplicates in sorted order, e.g.,

INPUT : { 4, 4, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3 }
OUTPUT: { 2, 3, 4 }

The algorithm is

Answer 1

This fixes the bugs in James McNellis's original version. I also provide in-place and out-of-place versions.

// In-place version.  Uses less memory and works for more container
// types but is slower.
template 
It not_unique_inplace(It first, It last)
{
    if (first == last)
        return last;

    It new_last = first;
    for (It current = first, next = first + 1; next != last; ++current, ++next)
    {
        if (*current == *next && 
            (new_last == first || *current != *(new_last-1)))
            *new_last++ = *current;
    }
    return new_last;
}

// Out-of-place version. Fastest.
template 
void not_unique(It first, It last, Container pout)
{
    if (first == last || !pout)
        return;

    for (It current = first, next = first + 1; next != last; ++current, ++next)
    {
        if (*current == *next && 
            (pout->empty() || *current != pout->back()))
            pout->push_back(*current);
    }
}