Given any HTML element that is a child of another element and is automatically inheriting a series of CSS attributes: how can you set one (or all) of those attributes to the
You cannot set an attribute to the default value, since the defaults are browser-dependent and cannot be referred to in CSS. Cf. to How to set CSS attributes to default values for a specific element (or prevent inheritance)
On the other hand, your example sets padding and margin, which are not inherited. So the question seems to be how to prevent your own CSS rule from applying to some specific element. Then the answer is that you need to modify the selector of the rule so that the specific element does not match it. In your case, this could be done by changing the selector to
.navigation > input
But the more complicated the markup and the style sheet are, the more difficult it becomes to restrict the effects that way.