I run simple test for OpenCV camera pose estimation. Having a photo and the same photo scaled up (zoomed in) I use them to detect features, calculate essential matrix and re
According to the OpenCV document, the algorithm in the function recoverPose is based on the paper "Nistér, D. An efficient solution to the five-point relative pose problem, CVPR 2003." From equations in Section 2 in this paper, we know it uses the basic triangle relationship (see figure here):
x2 = R*x1 + t
Therefore, translation t is the vector from cam2 to cam1 in cam2 frame. This explains why you get the answer t close to [0; 0; -1].