for example I have file and word \"test\". file is partially binary but have string \"test\". How to find position of word ( index ) in file without load to memory this file
You cannot find the position of a text within a file unless you open the file. It is like asking someone to read a newspaper without opening the eye.
To answer the first part of your question, it is relatively simple.
with open('Path/to/file', 'r') as f:
content = f.read()
print content.index('test')