Kubernetes features quite a few types of volumes, including emptyDir:
An
emptyDirvolume is first created when a Pod is assigned to a Node,
Yes it is also accessible on the node. It is bind mounted into the container (sort of). The source directories are under /var/lib/kubelet/pods/PODUID/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/VOLUMENAME
You can find the location on the host like this:
sudo ls -l /var/lib/kubelet/pods/`kubectl get pod -n mynamespace mypod -o 'jsonpath={.metadata.uid}'`/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir