Google Play Services provides an ActivityRecognitionApi that lets you detect various user activities (via DetectedActivity) such as if the user is walking or running.
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It's possible to do it without the adb commands. Create and send an intent with the correct extra.
Add the transitions you need to a list and add that list to the constructor of an ActivityTransitionResult object. To create the extra, use SafeParcelableSerializer.serializeToIntentExtra with the key "com.google.android.location.internal.EXTRA_ACTIVITY_TRANSITION_RESULT"
I have used this code to simulate the transition from still to walking.
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("MYLISTENINGACTION");
List events = new ArrayList<>();
ActivityTransitionEvent transitionEvent;
transitionEvent = new ActivityTransitionEvent(DetectedActivity.STILL,
ActivityTransition.ACTIVITY_TRANSITION_EXIT, SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos());
events.add(transitionEvent);
transitionEvent = new ActivityTransitionEvent(DetectedActivity.WALKING,
ActivityTransition.ACTIVITY_TRANSITION_ENTER, SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos());
events.add(transitionEvent);
ActivityTransitionResult result = new ActivityTransitionResult(events);
SafeParcelableSerializer.serializeToIntentExtra(result, intent,
"com.google.android.location.internal.EXTRA_ACTIVITY_TRANSITION_RESULT");
sendBroadcast(intent);