I enabled the errors in my wp-config file:
define(\'WP_DEBUG\', true);
But this not work, Wordpress continues showing me a white screen, a
Plugins or themes that are using PHP's set_exception_handler() (see the docs) can also cause errors to not be shown, because their callback might just silently ignore the error. For example, I experienced the exact same thing using NextGen Gallery, but once I deactivated it, errors appeared as normal on both the page and in the debug.log file.