Nimbus often looks great, but for certain color combinations the result is non-optimal. In my case, the background of a JPopupMenu does not fit, which is why I
there are a few mistakes in both answers
and above mentioned way to required to override most UIDeafaults that have got impact to the another JComponents and its Color(s)
Nimbus has own Painter, one example for that ...

from code
import com.sun.java.swing.Painter;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MyPopupWithNimbus {
public MyPopupWithNimbus() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
JList list = new JList();
panel.add(list);
frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
JPopupMenu menu = new JPopupMenu();
menu.add(new JMenuItem("A"));
menu.add(new JMenuItem("B"));
menu.add(new JMenuItem("C"));
JMenu jmenu = new JMenu("D");
jmenu.add(new JMenuItem("E"));
menu.add(jmenu);
frame.setVisible(true);
menu.show(frame, 50, 50);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo laf : UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
if ("Nimbus".equals(laf.getName())) {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(laf.getClassName());
UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("PopupMenu[Enabled].backgroundPainter",
new FillPainter(new Color(127, 255, 191)));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
MyPopupWithNimbus aa = new MyPopupWithNimbus();
}
});
}
}
class FillPainter implements Painter {
private final Color color;
FillPainter(Color c) {
color = c;
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics2D g, JComponent object, int width, int height) {
g.setColor(color);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
}
}