I'd say that a typical event bus utilises both of these patterns:
event bus essentially encapsulates how other objects communicate, so it is a mediator
objects that register as event handlers/listeners are observers (and the subjects of their observations are event types and/or objects that produce these events, not the bus itself), so as wikipedia says observer pattern "is mainly used to implement distributed event handling systems" (emphasis mine), but an event bus is not an observer per se.