Binding functions that take multiple arguments

Question

After reading some very basic haskell now I know how to \"chain\" monadic actions using bind, like:

echo = getLine >>= putStrLn

Answer 1

TL;DR:

writeFile <$> getFilename <*> getString >>= id   :: IO ()

Monads are Applicative

Since ghc 7.10 every Monad (including IO) is also an Applicative, but even before that, you could make an Applicative out of any Monad using the equivalent of

import Control.Applicative -- not needed for ghc >= 7.10

instance Applicative M where
  pure x = return x
  mf <*> mx = do
    f <- mf
    x <- mx
    return (f x)

And of course IO is a functor, but Control.Applicative gives you <$> which can be defined as f <$> mx = fmap f mx.

Use Applicative to use functions that take as many arguments as you like

<$> and <*> let you use pure functions f over arguments produced by an Applicative/Monadic computation, so if f :: String -> String -> Bool and getFileName, getString :: IO String then

f <$> getFileName <*> getString :: IO Bool

Similarly, if g :: String -> String -> String -> Int, then

g <$> getString <*> getString <*> getString :: IO Int

From IO (IO ()) to IO ()

That means that

writeFile <$> getFilename <*> getString :: IO (IO ())

but you need something of type IO (), not IO (IO ()), so we need to either use join :: Monad m => m (m a) -> m a as in Xeo's comment, or we need a function to take the monadic result and run it, i.e. of type (IO ()) -> IO () to bind it with. That would be id then, so we can either do

join $ writeFile <$> getFilename <*> getString :: IO ()

or

writeFile <$> getFilename <*> getString >>= id :: IO ()