On the old boto library is was simple enough to use the proxy, proxy_port, proxy_user and proxy_pass paramet
Apart from altering the environment variable, I'll present what I found in the code.
Since boto3 uses botocore, I had a look through the source code:
https://github.com/boto/botocore/blob/66008c874ebfa9ee7530d944d274480347ac3432/botocore/endpoint.py#L265
From this link, we end up at:
def _get_proxies(self, url):
# We could also support getting proxies from a config file,
# but for now proxy support is taken from the environment.
return get_environ_proxies(url)
...which is called by proxies = self._get_proxies(final_endpoint_url) in the EndpointCreator class.
Long story short, if you're using python2 it will use the getproxies method from urllib2 and if you're using python3, it will use urllib3.
get_environ_proxies is expecting a dict containing {'http:' 'url'} (and I'm guessing https too).
You could always patch the code, but that is poor practice.