What is the Java equivalent of C++'s const member function?

Question

In C++, I can define an accessor member function that returns the value of (or reference to) a private data member, such that the caller cannot modify that private

Answer 1

This does not exist in java. final and const have different semantics, except when applied to a variable of a primitive type. The java solution typically involves creating immutable classes - where objects are initialized in construction and provide no accessors allowing change. Example of such classes would be e.g. String or Integer.