In case anybody runs across the same thing I did: I had created two new config settings (copied from the Debug config). For some reason "Prefer32Bit" flag was set to true, even though the checkbox was greyed out and unchecked in the project config page.
You can fix it by removing the line directly from the .csproj file.
true
bin\Staging\
DEBUG;TRACE
full
AnyCPU
prompt
MinimumRecommendedRules.ruleset
true