Given:
I have Firefox with the [Firefox Page Title] page open on my Ubuntu computer.
Here is my command:
For me, the following works:
xdotool search --onlyvisible --class Firefox key F5
as well as
{
xdotool search --onlyvisible --class Firefox windowfocus
sleep 0.1
xdotool key ctrl+r
}
but
xdotool search --onlyvisible --class Firefox key ctrl+r
and
xdotool search --onlyvisible --class Firefox windowfocus key ctrl+r
do not work.
So it seems that using a key combo with modifiers requires a little delay, at least with Firefox (I can send ctrl-keys to Emacs with no such issues, however).