I\'m wondering if it is possible to use Stanford CoreNLP
to detect which language a sentence is written in? If so, how precise can those algorithms be?
Almost certainly there is no language identification in Stanford COreNLP at this moment. 'almost' - because nonexistence is much harder to prove.
EDIT: Nevertheless, below are circumstantial evidences:
Language
classes, but nothing related to language identification - you can
check manually for all 84 occurrence of 'language' word hereTry TIKA, or TextCat, or Language Detection Library for Java (they report "99% over precision for 53 languages").
In general, quality depends on the size of input text: if it is long enough (say, at least several words and not specially chosen), then precision can be pretty good - about 95%.