I\'m having a quite frustrating problem with the GOPATH, which, despite being set in .profile, is not appearing when invoking go env,
As you gave evidence for having set GOPATH, the second part of your question - GOPATH is not listed under go env - may be caused by the "go env" of your installed version. Neither go1 (linux) nor go1.0.2 (windows) versions of "go env" display GOPATH. If you look at the source (GOROOT/src/cmd/go/env.go), you'll find right at the top the list of elements to display (mkEnv) which starts with GOROOT and does not contain GOPATH.
Version go1.0.3 (windows) does display GOPATH; the corresponding list in the source, however, starts with GOARCH.
I admit that this does not solve the first part of your problem - (trying to) install into GOROOT - but perhaps the above will help you to focus on the culprit (build process).