For the purposes of this question, I am interested only in Standard-Compliant C++, not C or C++0x, and not any implementation-specific details.
Questions arise from
Hmmm...
My casual understanding has been that the distinction between <> includes and "" includes was inherited from c and (though not defined by the standards) the de facto meaning was that <> searched paths for system and compiler provided headers and "" also searched local and user specified paths.
The definition above seem to agree in some sense with that usage, but restricts the use of "header" to things provided by the compiler or system exclusive of code provided by the user, even if they have the traditional "interface goes in the header" form.
Anyway, very interesting.