How to write unit test for NSNotification

Question

I am working in swift, I want to refresh a page so I am sending it using notification, I am posting a notification in one ViewController and adding observer in another and i

Answer 1

The general solution is: Use dependency injection (DI) to make your components unit-testable. You can choose use a DI framework (I don't know if there is any good framework for Swift exists yet) or use native approach (i.e. pass object around)

One possible approach for your problem is to wrap NSNotificationCenter to make it mockable/injectable.

This is just a basic idea how you can decouple dependencies. Please don't just copy & paste the code below and expect it to work without understanding it.

import Foundation

protocol NotificationCenter {
    func postNotificationName(name: String, object: AnyObject?)

    // you can make it take the arguments as NSNotificationCenter.addObserver
    func addObserver(callback: AnyObject? -> Void)
}

class MyNotificationCenter : NotificationCenter {
    var _notificationCenter: NSNotificationCenter

    init(_ center: NSNotificationCenter) {
        _notificationCenter = center
    }

    func postNotificationName(name: String, object: AnyObject?) {
        // call NSNotificationCenter.postNotificationName
    }

    func addObserver(callback: AnyObject? -> Void) {
        // call NSNotificationCenter.addObserver
    }
}

class MockNotificationCenter : NotificationCenter {
    var postedNotifications: [(String, AnyObject?)] = []
    var observers: [AnyObject? -> Void] = []

    func postNotificationName(name: String, object: AnyObject?) {
        postedNotifications.append((name, object))
    }

    func addObserver(callback: AnyObject? -> Void) {
        observers.append(callback)
    }
}

class MyView {
    var notificationCenter: NotificationCenter

    init(notificationCenter: NotificationCenter) {
        self.notificationCenter = notificationCenter
    }

    func handleAction() {
        self.notificationCenter.postNotificationName("name", object: nil)
    }
}

class MyController {
    var notificationCenter: NotificationCenter

    init(notificationCenter: NotificationCenter) {
        self.notificationCenter = notificationCenter
    }

    func viewDidLoad() {
        self.notificationCenter.addObserver {
            println($0)
        }
    }
}

---

// production code
// in AppDeletate.applicationDidFinishLaunching
let notificationCenter = MyNotificationCenter(NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter())

// pass it to your root view controller
let rootViewController = RootViewController(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)
// or
rootViewController.notificationCenter = notificationCenter

// in controller viewDidLoad
self.myView.notificationCenter = self.notificationCenter

// when you need to create controller
// pass notificationCenter to it
let controller = MyController(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)

// in unit test

func testMyView() {
    let notificationCenter = MockNotificationCenter()
    let myView = MyView(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)
    // do something with myView, assert correct notification is posted
    // by checking notificationCenter.postedNotifications
}

func testMyController() {
    let notificationCenter = MockNotificationCenter()
    let myController = MyController(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)
    // assert notificationCenter.observers is not empty
    // call it and assert correct action is performed
}