I create an index \"myindex\" with a specified document type \"mytype\". I am able to delete the index, but it appears that \"mytype\" still exists without being tied to the
If you really deleted the index, the mapping in this index should not exist anymore. Do you have any other index in your cluster with a similar type name?
To answer to the question: How to delete document types in elasticsearch?, use Delete Mapping API:
curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/index/type
EDIT: From elasticsearch 2.0, it won't be possible anymore. See Mapping changes. You will have to install the Delete By Query plugin and run a query which will remove your documents but the mapping will still exist. So it will most likely better to reindex your documents in another index without the old type.
But as @mguillemin and @javanna said, when you delete an index, every mapping attached to this index is deleted as well:
curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/index