I have many radio buttons on my screen. When a radio button is selected, it has an attribute of checked. When the radio button is not selected, the checked attribute is not
Checkboxes can tricky sometimes, because the attribute checked may not be followed by an attribute value.
If you're only concerned with the presence of the attribute, a simple check would look like this:
boolean hasAttr_css = driver.findElementsByCssSelector("#input_id[checked]").isEmpty();