Scope resolution operator

Question

I accidentally happened to find this in one of the source codes I was looking at. So, I\'m giving a similar smaller example here.

In the file test.h:

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Answer 1

To clarify the situation, as specified in §9/2:

A class-name is inserted into the scope in which it is declared immediately after the class-name is seen. The class-name is also inserted into the scope of the class itself; this is known as the injected-class-name. For purposes of access checking, the injected-class-name is treated as if it were a public member name.

However, as specified in §3.4.3.1/1:

If the nested-name-specifier of a qualified-id nominates a class, the name specified after the nested-namespecifier is looked up in the scope of the class (10.2), except for the cases listed below.

[ ... §3.4.3.1/2]:

In a lookup in which the constructor is an acceptable lookup result and the nested-name-specifier nominates a class C:

— if the name specified after the nested-name-specifier, when looked up in C, is the injected-class-name of C (Clause 9) [ ... ] the name is instead considered to name the constructor of class C.

[ ... example: ]

struct A { A(); };
[ ... ]
A::A a; // error, A::A is not a type name
struct A::A a2; // object of type A