While there is documentation regarding turning a jstring to a native string (string nativeString = env->GetStringUTFChars(jStringVariable, NULL);
The odd one out is jchar. It's defined as unsigned short, and depending on your compilation settings, that may or may not be equivalent to wchar_t. Depending on your underlying platform, you may be better off working with UTF8 strings. At least those are bitwise equivalent to ASCII for the ASCII subset of characters.
On Windows and Mac OS/Cocoa, however, the native wide string representation is exactly unsigned short. Java strings fit naturally into that.