We have a very large table (> 77M records and growing) runing on SQL Server 2005 64bit Standard edition and we are seeing some performance issues. There are up to a hundred
The first thing I'd look at is indexing. If you use the execution plan generator in Management Studio, you want to see index seeks or clustered index seeks. If you see scans, particularly table scans, you should look at indexing the columns you generally search on to see if that improves your performance.
You should certainly not need to move to Enterprise edition for this.