I\'m looking for material on persistent data structures that can be used to implement a relational model.
Persistence in the meaning of immutable data structures.
I have implemented such a data structure for BergDB (http://bergdb.com/) - a database with a data model that is a persistent data structure.
I would suggest reading
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sleator/papers/Persistence.htm
It is the original work on how to create a persistant data structure based on an ordinary (ephemeral) one.