I have an ASP.NET MVC project, with an ASP.NET web api defined as an area in this project. So the structure is the following:
MVC Web
Controllers
View
Just had this issue myself and was tearing my hair out for about an hour until I realised Visual Studio had mysteriously switched to run the project in 'Release' mode. Switching back to 'Debug' mode and rebuilding sorted me out.
Probably a very niche answer to this problem, but hopefully this helps somebody.