There aren't any solutions that do exactly what mod_pagespeed does at this time. There are several individual packages you could use to match most of the functionality.
- The product @alirobe mentioned (aptimize) does many of them.
- YUI Compressor (.Net port) works on JavaScript and CSS minification
- IIS (version 5.1 and newer; though much easier to configure in IIS7+) can be configured to do GZIP compression for static and dynamic files
- You can set Expires headers in IIS for static files, and in back-end .Net code for dynamic pages
- .Net 2.0 can do some script combining with explicit configuration via the
control
- .Net 4.0 has even more script combining abilities and can do more with less configuration. (example discussion of some of the new features)
- UPDATE: .Net 4.5 further extends script combining with minification.
- Scott Hanselman wrote The Importance (and Ease) of Minifying your CSS and JavaScript and Optimizing PNGs for your Blog or Website that lists many other individual packages that can be combined.