My morbid curiosity has me wondering why the following fails:
// declared somewhere
public delegate int BinaryOperation(int a, int b);
// ... in a method bo
C# has very limited support for "structural" typing. In particular, you can't cast from one delegate-type to another simply because their declarations are similar.
From the language specification:
Delegate types in C# are name equivalent, not structurally equivalent. Specifically, two different delegate types that have the same parameter lists and return type are considered different delegate types.
Try one of:
// C# 2, 3, 4 (C# 1 doesn't come into it because of generics)
BinaryOperation b1 = new BinaryOperation(addThem);
// C# 3, 4
BinaryOperation b1 = (x, y) => addThem(x, y);
var b1 = new BinaryOperation(addThem);