Edit: I finally got it to work!!!
It needed a combination of JUnit in the pom.xml, and three statements in my .scala:
import org.junit.runner.RunWith
Adding to Blake's answer, besides @RunWith(classOf[JUnitRunner]) you might also need to set the surefire as follows:
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-surefire-plugin
2.12
**/*Suite.class
**/*Test.class
**/*Tests.class
**/*Spec.class
**/*Specs.class
Here's one of my Maven projects which tests just fine by ScalaTest without any special plugin: https://github.com/nikita-volkov/sext/