I have searched for an answer on how to retrigger a job after a ceratin amount of time, if the job throws an exception. I cannot see any simple way of doing this.
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I think that the right answer is to use JobListener to retry a job as described here: http://thecodesaysitall.blogspot.cz/2012/03/quartz-candy-part-1.html.
You separate retry logic from Job itself in this solution, so it can be reused.
If you implement retry logic in job as suggested in another replies here, it must be implemented again in every job.
Edit: According to the Ramanpreet Singh note better solution can be found here: https://blog.harveydelaney.com/quartz-job-exception-retrying/