I downloaded and installed TypeScript extension for VS 2012, I got my first sample compiles by manually dragging the ts file onto the tsc.exe file! because
I had a similar problem when I renamed my .js files to .ts. You have to right click and add a new TypeScript File to your project in order for your .csproj to recognize that the TypeScript compiler should be used on this .ts file.
You will know it is correct when you see the arrow to expand the .ts file.
