When I attempt to debug a unit test that fails because of an unhandled exception in my code, I expect Visual Studio to break on the unhandled exception so I can inspect the
I found a solution that works for me in a similar scenario.
If you notice that the debugger output is throwing handled exceptions you can note those exceptions.
Example
Take the ones you've just noted and open up the Exception Settings
Alternatively you can hit Ctrl+Alt+E
From there you'll see a number of specific exceptions you can enable your IDE to break on.
For example: ArgumentNullException