Usually I see all these tabs in VisualVM for locally running Java programs:

I had a similar problem with missing profiler tab in VisualVM. I'm using Oracle JDK 1.8 and want to profile web application running on Tomcat 8 (JPA, Spring, Hibernate, Vaadin, etc).
I tried all above-mentioned solutions and many others found on the internet, but unfortunately, none of them solved missing profiler tab issue.
So I switched to Java Mission Control profiling tool (JMC + Flight Recorder) which is a part of standard Oracle JDK (from JDK 1.7 update 40) and it works great.