How can I know which version of Drupal is installed in my server?
In Drupal 7
Open CHANGELOG.txt and the top most version will be the installed version.
In Drupal 8
Open core/lib/Drupal.php file and there will be a version mentioned like const VERSION = '8.1.8';
Drush Tool
Drush status
Admin Interface
Go to Administer -> Reports -> Status Report or enter URL /admin/reports/status
Above is the simplest way otherwise installed wappalyzer browser addons and see the magic.