I know that you can get column names from a table via the following trick in hive:
hive> set hive.cli.print.header=true;
hive> select * from tablename
If you simply want to see the column names this one line should provide it without changing any settings:
describe database.tablename;
However, if that doesn't work for your version of hive this code will provide it, but your default database will now be the database you are using:
use database;
describe tablename;