First, I want to inform about the case to avoid the misunderstanding.
By sqlite extension, I mention Sqlite\'s extension like FTS, not PHP\'s sqlite extension.
I have implemented a library with a solution for this problem for PHP 7.4+ which does not involve recompiling the PDO driver. In short, it uses PHP's FFI extension and Z-Engine (which reads PHP's internal memory structures using FFI) to make a direct call to the SQLite C API. You can find more detailed background information in this blog post. I would not recommend this solution in production yet, but it could be a feasible workaround for test or development workflows.