I\'m running ubuntu, and installed the python-dbg package. When trying to use the installed version directly everything works great:
$ gdb python2.7-dbg GNU
In Debian 11 with Python 3.7, gdb debugging works out of the box inside virtualenv.
Make sure that you created the venv with the same Python3 version than the python3-dbg package version installed.
python3-dbg
In case symbols don't load correctly, rebuild the venv from scratch and try again.