This is new to me as a desktop developer.
If I could figure out how this is accomplished, it may be relevant to some research I\'m doing, specifically how to migrate
You can register "protocol handlers" with some browsers. I think there's a place in the operating system where you can regsiter your own.
See
Creating new ones in firefox: http://ajaxian.com/archives/creating-custom-protocol-handlers-with-html-5-and-firefox
In safari: http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=1280989
Special "mobile protocol handlers" are used extensively in the iPhone/iPod to launch the phone dialler, email sending, google maps and so on... http://www.iphonedevfaq.com/index.php?title=Protocols
Here's an example of how to reconfigure the mailto: protocol handler to trigger gmail rather than an external mail client: http://lifehacker.com/392287/set-firefox-3-to-launch-gmail-for-mailto-links