I\'ve been using a few Android apps that hook onto another process, scan its allocated memory and edit it. Obviously, I was using it to mess around with some games.
As far as Linux is concerned, it's forbidden by kernel to modify other memory that belongs to other processes (by the way, this is why there are no viruses on Linux). What you are actually doing is editing Shared Preferences. They are written in plain text, and that means they can be edited if you have access to them(root). You can check out CheatDroid application at Play Store. Also, if you want to develop similar app yourself, you can also check this link to create your first root app. http://www.xda-developers.com/android/how-to-build-an-android-app-part-2-writing-a-root-app-xda-tv/