Just found it myself while reading this thread and trying around.
Short: AsyncTask's method onProgressUpdate can touch the view: http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask.html#onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
Background: I needed to call requery on my cursor so a ListView kept being updated while the task fills the database. The requery call made in doInBackground failed with the mentioned CalledFromWrongThreadException but same code in onProgressUpdate works.