I have this not so many checkboxes:
This can be done using .map, though in this case it is not really different from using .each:
$(":checkbox").change(function() {
var notChecked = [], checked = [];
$(":checkbox").map(function() {
this.checked ? checked.push(this.id) : notChecked.push(this.id);
});
alert("checked: " + checked);
alert("not checked: " + notChecked);
});
You can test it here.