I have a complex project where there are many directories that have POM files, but only some of which are sub-modules (possibly transitively) of a particular parent project.
I had the same problem but solved it without strace. The mvn exec:exec plugin is used to touch pom.xml in every project, and then find the recently modified pom.xml files:
ctimeref=`mktemp`
mvn --quiet exec:exec -Dexec.executable=/usr/bin/touch -Dexec.args=pom.xml
find . -mindepth 2 -type f -name pom.xml -cnewer "$ctimeref" > maven_projects_list.txt
rm "$ctimeref"
And you have your projects list in the maven_projects_list.txt file.