I have heard that .NET is not free and that I have to pay Microsoft if I develop a .NET application. Is this true? If so:
What do I have to pay?
You have heard incorrectly.
You can develop .NET apps for free. The compilers/SDK are free and can be downloaded from Microsoft. The framework/runtime is free for your users.
The higher end versions of Visual Studio are not free, but Express versions are available for free.