For those using WSL and running Docker for windows inside of cmder or conemu I would recommend to not to use Docker which is installed on windows in 'Program Files' but instead install Docker inside WSL on ubuntu/linux. Do remember though that you can't run Docker itself from within WSL, you must connect to Docker running on windows from the linux Docker client installed in WSL.
To install Docker on WSL
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce
Your options for running actual Docker commands are to either:
Connect to Docker using the switch -H
docker -H localhost:2375 run -it -v /mnt/c/code:/var/app -w "/var/app" centos:7
Or set the environment variable docker_host
export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://localhost:2375
Either way you are now be able to interactively connect to a running Docker container
