At Google I/O 2011: Chrome Dev Tools Reloaded, Paul Irish and Pavel Feldman introduced new remote debugging feature — which was in passing included into webkit.
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Adobe's Shadow utility (which was just released) allows you to debug remotely using weinre without needing to inject any code into your web pages. It works with Chrome on Windows and Mac as the "master" browser and will sync every page navigation over to any number of devices running the iOS or Android client.
Note that weinre itself is somewhat limited. For example you won't have access to the Network tab.