How can you extend Java to introduce passing by reference?

Question

Java is pass-by-value. How could you modify the language to introduce passing by reference (or some equivalent behavior)?

Take for example something like

<         


        

Answer 1

The usual idiom I've seen for pass-by-reference in Java is to pass a single-element array, which will both preserve run-time type-safety (unlike generics which undergo erasure) and avoid the need to introduce a new class.

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String[] holder = new String[1];

    // variable optimized away as holder[0]
    holder[0] = "'previous String reference'";

    passByReference(holder);
    System.out.println(holder[0]);
}

public static void passByReference(String[] someString) {
    someString[0] = "'new String reference'";
}